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The Division of Tongues acts as an introduction to the grammatical treaty of elvish languages, Tengwesta Quenderinwa, laying foundation to their relation to each other. Its final version showed a layer of revisions, intended to incorporate the conceptual shift...

Parma Eldalamberon 11 Text Date Source Comment GG: The Gnomish Grammar PE11/7-16 It was written and abandoned before work on the lexicon was completed. GL: The Gnomish Lexicon (pencil) PE11/17-75 The earliest version in pencil, with some ink revisi...

Denominal adjectives A primary distinction within adjective classes is between qualitative and relational adjectives. Qualitative adjectives express properties that describe entities and are typically gradable. In contrast, relational adjectives function to cl...

Needs to be revised with new information from PE23! To explain various asymmetries with regard to the (non-)use of definite articles in Quenya as compared to English, we will exploit the distinction of semantic and pragmatic uniqueness as originally introduced...